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EL ETAT DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS EN EL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE
much possible control on their economic development, and also social
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and cultural .”
In the same sense, in 1994 when the UN adopted the Declaration of “The International Year
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of Indigenous Peoples ”, a movement which was to revise the model of “development” and
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replace it with promoting principles such as plural nationality and interculturalism .
It is within the countries in the Andes that the well-living approach is integral to the legal
system, and in particular in the constitutions in Ecuador, in 2008 , and in Bolivia, in
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255
2009 . In this movement, these two countries proclaimed themselves as being plurinational
States . The legal content of this new paradigm is associated in respecting the different ways
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of life and the acknowledgement of certain rights which are considered as necessary to the
establishment of living well, as much as the right to food, a clean environment, to water and
to healthcare . This change in the paradigm created substantial change in governing and
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development strategies, but furthermore, the content of even the notion of “development”
was called into question.
251 Id., art. 7 (1).
252 UNITED NATIONS, International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples (1993), Rés. A/RES/47/75, (24 mars
1993), on line, <http://www.un.org/fr/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/47/75>.
253 Maïté NIEL, El concepto del Buen vivir, Trabajo de investigación, Madrid, Instituto Universitario de Estudios
Internacionales y Europeos “Francisco de Vitoria”, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 2011,p.2.
254 Constitución de la República del Ecuador. In the preamble of the Ecuador constitution we find the term Sumak
Kawsay.
255 Constitución política del Estado Boliviano. Article 8 of the Bolivian constitution contains the principle of Sumak
Qamaña in the indigenous language Aymara.
256 Eduardo GUDYNAS et Alberto ACOSTA « La renovación de la crítica al desarrollo y el buen vivir como
alternativa », (2011) 16-53 Utopía y Praxis Latinoamericana, 71, 75.
257 Constitución de la República del Ecuador, chapter II, art. 12 - 34.
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