Page 98 - Investigando nuestra propia práctica; una estrategia de formación y conocimiento

Palabras clave: factores, resiliencia, adolescentes, nivel medio superior 89

Abstrac

Resilience is fundamental for adolescents to successfully face the physical and emotional
changes that occur in this stage of transition. In fact, the strengthening of internal and external
factors allows young people to have a better quality of life, so this research aimed to identify
resilient factors in adolescents. For this, a cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried
out, which had a universe of 2318 students of upper secondary level, with a sample of 330 stu-
dents randomly selected. For the collection of the information, a survey was used as a method,
and as an instrument the González Arratia resilience questionnaire (2016), which consists of
32 items with Likert type response options. The processing of the data was carried out with
the Stata program, version 13. The most relevant results were the following: 91.2% of the male
participants and 90.6% of the female sex demonstrated a high level of resilience, which means
that in general, the average of this criterion was 90.9%. On the other hand, 86.1% of adoles-
cents were at a high level of resilience compared to the internal protector, 91.5% showed that
they had the most developed external factor, while the protective factor empathy was present
in 80% of adolescents. In conclusion, it can be affirmed that most adolescents presented a
high level of resilience, which is necessary to maintain or cultivate because they are going
through a complex and determinant stage of life. Therefore, and if you want to have healthy
adults both physically and mentally, it is necessary to promote resilience factors from the family,
school, and society. Investigando nuestra propia práctica; una estrategia de formación y conocimiento

Key words: factors, resilience, adolescents, High School.

Introducción

La resiliencia es un cambio de paradigma que privilegia el enfoque en las fortalezas que se
tienen para enfrentar situaciones críticas de todo tipo, lo cual también involucra a las familias,
comunidades e instituciones (Quintero, 2005). Esto significa que la resiliencia, a pesar de que
requiere una respuesta individual, también se halla condicionada por factores ambientales
(González Arratia, Valdez y Zavala, 2008). Parafraseando a Suárez Ojeda y Kraukf (1995, cita-
dos por González Arratia, Valdez, Oudhof y González, 2009), la resiliencia implica la combina-
ción de factores que permiten a un ser humano afrontar y superar las adversidades de la vida
para construir sobre ellas.